COMPUTER SUPPORT

FULL FORM:-
COMPUTER:-Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used in Technical and Educational Research

• C - Commonly
• O - Operated
• M - Machine
• P- Particularly
• U- Used
• E - Educational
• T - Technical
• R - Research
• CPU = Central Processing Unit
  RAM = Random Access Memory
  ROM = Read Only Memory
  PROM = Programmable Read Only Memory
  EPROM = Erasable PROM
  EEPROM = Electrically EPROM
  HDD = Hard Disk Drive
  FDD = Floppy Disk Drive
  KBD = KeyBoard
  I/O = Input & Output
  CD = Compact Disk
  DVD = Digital Video Disk
  SMPS = Switch Mode Power Supply
  POST = Power ON Self Test
  BIOS = Basic Input Output System
  VDU = Visible Display Unit
  LED = Light Embedded Diode
  LCD = Liquid Crystal Display
  USB = Universal Serial Bus
  VGA = Video/Visual Graphic Adapter
  LAN = Local Area Network
  WAN = Wide Area Network
  MAN = Metropolitan Area Network
  HLL = High Level Language
  LLL = Low Level Language
  MIPS = Million of Instruction Per Second
  Mbps = Mega Bytes Per second
  Kbps = Kilo Bytes per second
  HTTP = Hyper Text Templates
  WWW = World Wide Web
  IP = Internet Protocol
  ISP = Internet Service Provider
  4 Bits = 1 Nibble
  8 Bits = 1 Byte
  1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte ( KB )
  1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte ( MB )
  1024 MB = 1 Gyga Byte ( GB )
  1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte ( TB )
  1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte ( PB )
  1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte ( EB )
  1024 EB = 1 Zetta Byte ( ZB )
  1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte ( YB )HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
  HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.
  IP - Internet Protocol.
  URL - Uniform Resource Locator.
  USB - Universal Serial Bus.
  VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
  3G - 3rd Generation.
  GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.
  CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access.
  UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
  SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.
  AVI - Audio Video Interleave
  RTS - Real Time Streaming
  SIS - Symbian OS Installer File
  AMR - Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
  JAD - Java Application Descriptor
  JAR - Java Archive
  JAD - Java Application Descriptor
  3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  3GP - 3rd Generation Project
  MP3 - MPEG player lll
  MP4 - MPEG-4 video file
  AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
  GIF - Graphic Interchangeable Format
  JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group
  BMP - Bitmap
  SWF - Shock Wave Flash
  WMV - Windows Media Video
  WMA - Windows Media Audio
  WAV - Waveform Audio
  PNG - Portable Network Graphics
  DOC - Document (Microsoft Corporation)
  PDF - Portable Document Format
  M3G - Mobile 3D Graphics
  M4A - MPEG-4 Audio File
  NTH - Nokia Theme (series 40)
  THM - Themes (Sony Ericsson)
  MMF - Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
  NRT - Nokia Ringtone
  XMF - Extensible Music File
  WBMP - Wireless Bitmap Image
  DVX - DivX Video
  HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
  WML - Wireless Markup Language
• SQL - Structured Query Language

• Sr.No.	Sort Name	Full Form
  01	ADSL	Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
  02	AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port
  03	ALI	Acer Labs, Incorporated
  04	ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit
  05	AMD	Advanced Micro Devices
  06	APC	American Power Conversion
  07	ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  08	ASIC	Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  09	ASPI	Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
  10	AT	Advanced Technology
  11	ATI	ATI Technologies Inc
  12	ATX	Advanced Technology Extended
  13	ADC	Analog Digital Converter
  14	AI	Artificial Intelligence
  15	ALGOL	Algorithmic Language
  16	ATM	Automatic Teller Machine
  17	AC	Alternating Current
  18	ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
  19	ACT	Activity
  20	ADSL	Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
  21	AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port
  22	AMD	Advanced Micro Devices
  23	AMR	Audio Modem Rise
  24	APIPA	Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
  25	APM	Advanced Power Management
  26	ARP	Address Resolution Protocol
  27	ASR	Automated System Recovery
  28	AT	Advanced Technology
  29	ATA	Advanced Technology Attachment
  30	ATAP	Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
  31	ATX	Advanced Technology Extended
  32	BFG	BFG Technologies
  33	BIOS	Basic Input Output System
  34	BNC	Barrel Nut Connector
  35	BARC	The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
  36	BASIC	Begineer's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
  37	BIOS	Basic Input Output System
  38	BSNL	Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd
  39	BNC	Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Navel Connector
  40	BRI	Basic Rate Interface
  41	BTX	Balanced Technology Extended
  42	CAS	Column Address Signal
  43	CD	Compact Disk
  44	CDR	Compact Disk Recorder
  45	CDRW	Compact Disk ReWriter
  46	CD-ROM	Compact Disk - Read Only Memory
  47	CFM	Cubic Feet per Minute
  48	CMOS	Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  49	CPU	Central Processing Unit
  50	CTX	CTX Technology Corporation
  51	CAD	Computer Aided Design
  52	CAM	Computer Aided Manufacturing
  53	COBOL	Common Business Oriented Language
  54	CPU	Central Processing Unit
  55	CU	Control Unit
  56	CCD	Charged Coupled Device
  57	CDFS	Compact Disc File System
  58	CMOS	Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
  59	CNR	Communication Network Riser
  60	COM1	Communication Port 1
  61	CPU	Central Processing Unit
  62	CRIMM	Continuity-Rambus Inline Memory Module
  63	CRT	Cathode-Ray Tube
  64	DDR	Double Data Rate
  65	DDR-SDRAM	Double Data Rate - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  66	DFI	DFI Inc. Design For Innovation
  67	DIMM	Dual Inline Memory Module
  68	DRAM	Dynamic Random Access Memory
  69	DPI	Dots Per Inch
  70	DSL	See ASDL
  71	DVD	Digital Versatile Disc
  72	DVD-RAM	Digital Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory
  73	DAC	Digital Analog Converter
  74	DBMS	Database Management System
  75	DCL	Digital Command Language
  76	DFD	Data Flow Diagram
  77	DNS	Domain Name System
  78	DRDO	The Defence Research And Developmen
  79	DVD	Digital Versatile Disc
  80	DVI	Digital Visual Interface
  81	DVD-RW	Digital Video Disc-Rewritable
  82	DVD-R	Digital Video Disc-Recordable
  83	DVD-ROM	Digital Video Disc-Read Only Memory
  84	DSL	Digital Subscriber Line
  85	DRAM	Dynamic Random Access Memory
  86	DPMS	Display Power Management Signaling
  87	DOS	Disk Operating System Or Denial Of Service
  88	DNS	Domain Name Service Or Domain Name Server
  89	DMA	Direct Memory Access
  90	DLP	Digital Light Processing
  91	DLT	Digital Linear Tape
  92	DIP	Dual Inline Package
  93	DIN	Deutsche Industrie Norm
  94	DIMM	Dual Inline Memory Module
  95	DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  96	DFS	Distributed File System
  97	DDOS	Distributed Denial Of Service
  98	DC	Direct Current
  99	DB-9	9 Pin D Shell Connector
  100	DB-25	Serial Communications D-Shell Connector, 25 Pins
  101	DAC	Discretionary Access Control
  102	ECC	Error Correction Code
  103	ECS	Elitegroup Computer Systems
  104	EDO	Extended Data Out
  105	EEPROM	Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  106	EPROM	Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  107	EVGA	Evga Corporation
  108	EMAIL	Electronic Mail
  109	ECOMMERCE	Electronic Commerce
  110	EBCDIC	Extended Binary Code Decimal Intercha
  111	EDP	Electronic Data Processing
  112	EDSAC	Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
  113	ENIAC	Electronic Numerical Integratec And Computer
  114	EVDO	Evolution Data Optimized Or Evolution Data Only
  115	EVGA	Extended Video Graphics Adapter/Array
  116	ESDI	Enhanced Small Device Interface
  117	ESD	Electrostatic Discharge
  118	ERD	Emergency Repair Disk
  119	EPP	Enhanced Parallel Port
  120	EMP	Electromagnetic Pulse
  121	EMI	Electromagnetic Interference
  122	EISA	Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  123	EIDE	Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
  124	EFS	Encrypting File System
  125	ECP	Extended Capabilities Port
  126	ECC	Error Correction Code
  127	FC-PGA	Flip Chip Pin Grid Array
  128	FDC	Floppy Disk Controller
  129	FDD	Floppy
  130	FPS	Frame Per Second
  131	FPU	Floating Point Unit
  132	FSAA	Full Screen Anti Aliasing
  133	FS	For Sale
  134	FSB	Front Side Bus
  135	FORTRAN	Formula Translation
  136	FTP	File Transfer Protocol
  137	FAT	File Allocation Table
  138	FAT12	12-Bit File Allocation Table
  139	FAT16	16-Bit File Allocation Table
  140	FAT32	32-Bit File Allocation Table
  141	FDD	Floppy Disk Drive
  142	FERPA	Family Educational Rights And Privacy Act
  143	Fn	Function (Referring To The Function Key On A Laptop)
  144	FPM	Fast Page-Mode
  145	FRU	Field Replaceable Unit
  146	FT	P File Transfer Protocol
  147	FQDN	Fully Qualified Domain Name
  148	GB	Gigabytes
  149	GBps	Gigabytes Per Second Or Gigabits Per Second
  150	GDI	Graphical Device Interface
  151	GHz	Gigahertz
  152	GUI	Graphical User Interface
  153	GPRS	General Packet Radio System
  154	GSM	Global System For Mobile Communications
  155	HDD	Hard Disk Drive
  156	HIS	Hightech Information System Limited
  157	HP	Hewlett-Packard Development Company
  158	HSF	Heatsink Fan
  159	HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
  160	HTTP	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  161	HAL	Hardware Abstraction Layer
  162	HCL	Hardware Compatibility List
  163	HDMi	High Definition Media Interface
  164	HPFS	High Performance File System
  165	HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets Layer
  166	IBM	International Business Machines Corporation
  167	IC	Integrated Circuit
  168	IDE	Integrated Drive Electronics
  169	IFS	Item For Sale
  170	IRQ	Interrupt Request
  171	ISA	Industry Standard Architecture
  172	ISO	International Standards Organization
  173	ISDN	Integrated Service Digital Network
  174	IT	Information Technology
  175	I/O	Input/Output
  176	ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol
  177	ICS	Internet Connection Sharing
  178	ICR	Intelligent Character Recognition
  179	IDE	Integrated Drive Electronics
  180	IEEE	Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers
  181	IIS	Internet Information Services
  182	IMAP	Internet Mail Access Protocol
  183	IP	Internet Protocol
  184	IPCONFIG	Internet Protocol Configuration
  185	IPP	Internet Printing Protocol
  186	IPSEC	Internet Protocol Security
  187	IPX	Internetwork Packet Exchang
  188	IPX/SPX	Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
  189	IR	Infrared
  190	IRDA	Infrared Data Association
  191	IRQ	Interrupt Request
  192	ISA	Industry Standard Architecture
  193	ISDN	Integrated Services Digital Network
  194	ISO	Industry Standards Organization
  195	ISP	Internet Service Provider
  196	JBL	Jbl,Jame B.Lansing.,Speakers
  197	JVC	JVC Company Of America
  198	Kbps	Kilobits Per Second
  199	KBps	Kilobytes Per Second
  200	KB	Kilobyte
  201	LG	Life’s Good
  202	LAN	Local Area Network
  203	LCD	Liquid Crystal Display
  204	LDT	Lightning Data Transport
  205	LED	Light Emitting Diode
  206	LSI	Large Scale Integration
  207	LBA	Logical Block Addressing
  208	LC	Lucent Connector
  209	LDAP	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
  210	LIP	Lipoly Lithium-Ion Polymer
  211	Li-on	Lithium-Ion
  212	LPD/LPR	Line Printer Daemon / Line Printer Remote
  213	LPT	Line Printer Terminal
  214	LPT1	Line Printer Terminal 1
  215	LPX	Low Profile Extended
  216	LVD	Low Voltage Differential
  217	MAC	Media Access Control
  218	MB	Motherboard Or Megabyte
  219	MBps	Megabytes Per Second
  220	Mbps	Megabits Per Second Or Megabits Per Second
  221	MHz	Megahertz
  222	MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second
  223	MMX	Multi Media Extensions
  224	MSI	Micro Star International
  225	MAN	Metropolitan Area Network
  226	MICR	Megnatic Inc Character Recognition
  227	MODEM	Modulator Demodulator
  228	MTNL	Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd
  229	MAP	Messaging Application Programming Interface
  230	MBR	Master Boot Record
  231	MBSA	Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
  232	MCR	Multivariant Curve Resolution
  233	MFD	Multi-Function Device
  234	MFP	Multi-Function Product
  235	MHz	Megahertz
  236	MicroDIMM	Micro Dual Inline Memory Module
  237	MIDI	Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  238	MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
  239	MLI	Multiple Link Interface
  240	MMC	Microsoft Management Console
  241	MMX	Multimedia Extensions
  242	MP3	Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
  243	MPEG	Moving Picture Experts Group
  244	MSCONFIG	Microsoft Configuration
  245	MSDS	Material Safety Data Sheet
  246	MUI	Multilingual User Interface
  247	NAS	Network Attached Storage
  248	NAT	Network Address Translation
  249	NEC	Nec Corporation
  250	NIC	Network Interface Card
  251	NetBIOS	Networked Basic Input/Output System
  252	NetBEUI	Networked Basic Input/Output System Extended User Interface
  253	NFS	Network File System
  254	NiCd	Nickel Cadmium
  255	NiMH	Nickel Metal Hydride
  256	NLI	Not Logged In Or Natural Language Interface
  257	NLX	New Low-Profile Extended
  258	NNTP	Network News Transfer Protocol
  259	NTFS	New Technology File System
  260	NTLDR	New Technology Loader
  261	NWLINK	Netware Link
  262	OC	Over Clock
  263	OCZ	Ocz Technology
  264	OEM	Original Equipment Manufacturer
  265	OMR	Optical Mark Reader
  266	OS	Operating System
  267	OCR	Optical Character Recognition
  268	OEM	Original Equipment Manufacturer
  269	OSR	Original Equipment Manufacturer Service Release
  270	PC	Personal Computer
  271	PCB	Printed Circuit Board
  272	PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect
  273	PDA	Personal Digital Assistant
  274	PCMCIA	Peripheral Component Microchannel Interconnect Architecture
  275	PGA	Professional Graphics Array
  276	PLD	Programmable Logic Device
  277	PM	Private Message Or Private Messaging
  278	PnP	Plug ‘N Play
  279	PNY	Pny Technology
  280	POST	Power On Self Test
  281	PPPoA	Point To Point Protocol Over ATM
  282	PPPoE	Point To Point Protocol Over Ethernet
  283	PQ	Pqi Corporation
  284	PSU	Power Supply Unit
  285	POS	Point Of Sales
  286	PXE	Preboot Execution Environment
  287	PVC	Permanent Virtual Circuit
  288	PSTN	Public Switched Telephone Network
  289	PS/2	Personal System/2 Connector
  290	PROM	Programmable Read-Only Memory
  291	PRI	Primary Rate Interface
  292	PPTP	Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol
  293	PPP	Point-To-Point Protocol
  294	POTS	Plain Old Telephone Service
  295	POST	Power-On Self Test
  296	POP3	Post Office Protocol 3
  297	POP	Post Office Protocol
  298	PGA2	Pin Grid Array 2
  299	QoS	Quality Of Service
  300	RAM	Random Access Memory
  301	RAMDAC
  302	RDRAM	Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
  303	ROM	Read Only Memory
  304	RPM	Revolutions Per Minute
  305	RAID	Redundant Array Of Inexpensive Disks
  306	RAS	Remote Access Service
  307	RBAC	Role-Based Access Control Or Rule-Based Access Contro
  308	RDRAM	RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory
  309	RF	Radio Frequency
  310	RFI	Radio Frequency Interference
  311	RGB	Red Green Blue
  312	RIMM	RAMBUS Inline Memory Module
  313	RIP	Routing Information Protocol
  314	RIS	Remote Installation Service
  315	RISC	Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  316	RJ	Registered Jack
  317	RJ-11	Registered Jack Function 11
  318	RJ-45	Registered Jack Function 45
  319	RMA	Returned Materials Authorization
  320	ROM	Read Only Memory
  321	RS-232	Recommended Standard 232
  322	RTC	Real-Time Clock
  323	SASID	Self Scanned Amorphous Silicon Integrated Display
  324	SCA	Scsi Configured Automatically
  325	SCSI	Small Computer System Interface
  326	SDRAM	Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  327	SECC	Single Edge Contact Connector
  328	SODIMM	Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
  329	SPARC	Scalable Processor Architecture
  330	SOHO	Small Office Home Office
  331	SRAM	Static Random Access Memory
  332	SSE	Streaming Simd Extensions
  333	SVGA	Super Video Graphics Array
  334	SVGA	Super Video Graphics Array
  335	S/PDIF	Sony Or Philips Digital Interface
  336	SAN	Storage Area Network
  337	SATA	Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
  338	SC	Subscription Channel
  339	SCSI	Small Computer System Interface
  340	SCSI ID	Small Computer System Interface Identifier
  341	SD	Card Secure Digital Card
  342	SDRAM	Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  343	SEC	Single Edge Connector
  344	SFC	System File Checker
  345	SGRAM	Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory
  346	SIMM	Single Inline Memory Module
  347	347	Scalable Link Interface Or System Level Integration Or Scanline Interleave Mode
  348	SMB	Server Message Block Or Small To Midsize Business
  349	SMTP	Simple Mail Transport Protocol
  350	SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol
  351	SoDIMM	Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
  352	SOHO	Small Office/Home Office
  353	SP	Service Pack
  354	SP1	Service Pack 1
  355	SP2	Service Pack 2
  356	SPDIF	Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format
  357	SPGA	Staggered Pin Grid Array
  358	SPX	Sequenced Package Exchange
  359	SSH	Secure Shell
  360	SSID	Service Set Identifier
  361	SSL	Secure Sockets Laye
  362	ST	Straight Tip
  363	STP	Shielded Twisted Pair
  364	SVGA	Super Video Graphics Array
  365	SXGA	Super Extended Graphics Array
  366	TB	Terabytes
  367	TBps	Terabytes Per Second
  368	Tbps	Terabits Per Second
  369	TDK	Tdk Electronics
  370	TEC	Thermoelectric Cooler
  371	TPC	Tipidpc
  372	TWAIN	Technology Without An Important Name
  373	TCP/IP	Tansmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
  374	TFT	Thin Film Transistor
  375	TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  376	TDR	Time Domain Reflectometer
  377	TFTP	Trivial File Transfer Protocol
  378	UART	Universal Asynchronous Receiver Or Transmitter
  379	USB	Universal Serial Bus
  380	UTP	Unshieled Twisted Pair
  381	ULSI	Ultra Large Scale Integration
  382	UNIVAC	Universal Automatic Computer
  383	UPS	Uninterrupted Power Supply
  384	URL	Uniform Resource Locator
  385	UDF	User Defined Functions Or Universal Disk Format Or Universal Data Format
  386	UDMA	Ultra Direct Memory Access
  387	UDP	User Datagram Protocol
  388	UL	Underwriter’s Laboratory
  389	UNC	Universal Naming Convention
  390	UPS	Uninterruptible Power Supply
  391	URL	Uniform Resource Locator
  392	USMT	User State Migration Tool
  393	UTP	Unshielded Twisted Pair
  394	UXGA	Ultra Extended Graphics Array
  395	VCD	Video CD
  396	VPN	Virtual Private Network
  397	VDU	Visual Display Unit
  398	VLSI	Very Large Scale Integration
  399	VSNL	Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd
  400	VESA	Video Electronics Standards Association
  401	VFAT	Virtual File Allocation Table
  402	VGA	Video Graphics Array
  403	VoIP	Voice Over Internet Protocol
  404	VRAM	Video Random Access Memory
  405	WAN	Wide Area Network
  406	WTB	Want To Buy
  407	WYSIWYG	What You See Is What You Get
  408	WORM	Write Once Read Many
  409	WWW	World Wide Web
  410	WAP	Wireless Application Protocol
  411	WEP	Wired Equivalent Privacy
  412	WIFI	Wireless Fidelity
  413	WINS	Windows Internet Name Service
  414	WLAN	Wireless Local Area Network
  415	WPA	Wireless Protected Access
  416	WUXGA	Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array
  417	XGA	Extended Graphics Array
  418	XFX	XFX Graphics, A Division Of Pine
  419	XMS	Extended Memory Specification
  420	XT	Extended Technology
  421	ZIF	Zero-Insertion-Force
  422	ZIP	Zigzag Inline Package

  Acronym	Full Form
  APJ Abdul Kalam	Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
  ASAP	As Soon As Possible
  CFL	Compact fluorescent lamp
  COO	Chief Operating Officer
  DSLR	Digital single-lens reflex
  DSP	Deputy Superintendent of Police
  F.O.R	Freight on Road
  IPL	Indian Premier League
  NCR	National Capital Region
  PS	Postscript
  PVC	Poly Vinyl Chloride
  RDX	Research Department Explosive / Royal Demolition Explosive
  RPM	Revolutions Per Minute
  RSVP	Repondez s'il vous plait
  SDM	Sub Divisional Magistrate
  SHO	Station House Officer
  SIT	Special Investigation Team
  SSB	Service Selection Board
  VISA	charta visa, lit in Latin

  Acronym	Full Form
  AAI	Airport Authority of India
  ABG	Arterial Blood Gas
  ABP	Ananda Bazaar Patrika News
  ABM	Anti Balistic Missile
  ABS	Anti-lock Braking System
  ACD	Automatic Call Distributor
  ACC	Associated Cement Companies
  ACS	American Chemical Society
  ACU	Asian Currency Union
  AD	Anno Domini
  ADB	Asian Development Bank
  ADIDAS	Adolf "Adi" Dassler
  ADHD	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  ADR	American Depository Receipt
  AHRC	Asian Human Rights Commission
  AIAAA	American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
  AICTE	All India Council for Technical Education
  AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  AJAX	Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
  ALS	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  AMC	Annual Maintenance Contract, American Motors Corporation
  AMIE	Associate Member of the Institution of Engineers
  AML	Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  AMUL	Anand Milk Union Limited
  AMW	Asian Motors Limited
  API	Application Programming Interface
  APJ Abdul Kalam	Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
  APK	Android Application Package
  ARMD	Age Related Macular Degeneration
  ARDS	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  ASAP	As Soon As Possible
  ASAT	Anti-satellite weapons
  ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
  ASLV	Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
  ASP	Active Server Page
  ASR	Automated Speech Recognition
  ATA	Advanced Technology Attachment
  AT&T	American Telephone & Telegraph Company
  ATM	Automated Teller Machine
  ATS	Anti-Terrorism Squad
  AWACS	Airborne Warning and Control System
  AYUSH	Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
  AM and PM	AM: Anti Meridiem, PM: Post Meridiem

  B Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  BA	Bachelor of Arts
  BAMS	Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
  BARC	Bhaba Atomic Research Center
  BASIC	Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
  BBA	Bachelor of Business Administration
  BBC	British Broadcasting Corporation
  BCA	Bachelor of Computer Applications
  BCCI	Board of Control of Cricket in India
  BCG	Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
  B.Com	Bachelor of Commerce
  BDS	Bachelor of Dental Surgery
  B.Ed	Bachelor of Education
  BE	Bachelor of Engineering
  BHMS	Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery
  BIFR	Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
  BIOS	Basic Input Output System
  BIS	Bureau of Indian Standards
  BKU	Bhartiya Kisan Union
  BLOB	Binary Large Object
  BMD	Bone Mineral Density
  BMI	Body Mass Index
  BMR	Basal Metabolic Rate
  BMS	Bachelor of Management Studies & Business Management System
  BMT	Bone Marrow Transplant
  BMW	Bayerische Motoren Werke
  BOB	Bank of Baroda
  BPL	Below Poverty Line & British Physical Laboratories Group
  BPO	Business Process Outsourcing
  BRB	Be Right Back
  BRICS	Brazil Russia India China And South Africa
  BRO	Border Road Organization
  BSC	Bachelor of Science, Base Station Controller
  BSF	Border Security Force
  B.Tech	Bachelor of Technology
  BUN	Blood Urea Nitrogen

  C Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  CABG	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
  CAD	Computer Aided Design
  CA	Chartered Accountant
  CAG	Comptroller and Auditor General of India
  CAIIB	Certified Associate of Indian Institute of Bankers
  CAT	Common Admission Test
  CBC	Complete Blood Count
  CBI	Central bureau of Investigation & Central Bank of India
  CBSE	Central Board of Secondary Education
  CC	Cubic Capacity/ Cubic Centimeter, Carbon Copy
  CCC	Course on Computer Concepts
  CCIL	Clearing Corporation of India Limited
  CCTV	Closed Circuit Television
  CD	Compact Disc
  CDMA	Code Division Multiple Access
  CEO	Chief Executive Officer
  CFL	Compact fluorescent lamp
  CFT	Complement Fixation Test
  CFO	Chief Financial Officer
  CGI	Computer Generated Imagery
  CGPA	Cumulative Grade Point Average
  CHF	Congestive Heart Failure
  CIBIL	Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited
  CID	Crime Investigation Department
  CISF	Central Industrial Security Force
  CMA	Credit Monitoring Analysis
  CML	Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
  CMO	Chief Medical Officer
  CMS	Content Management System
  CMV	Cytomegalovirus
  CNC	Computerized Numerical Control
  CNG	Compressed Natural Gas
  COB	Close of Business
  COBOL	Common Business Oriented Language
  COO	Chief Operating Officer
  COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  CPCB	Central Pollution Control Board
  CPR	Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
  CPT	Common Proficiency Test
  CPU	Central Processing Unit
  CRISIL	Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited
  CRM	Customer Relationship Management
  CRPF	Central Reserve Police Force
  CRR	Cash Reserve Ratio
  CRT	Cathode Ray Tube
  CS	Company Secretary & Computer Science
  CSS	Cascading Style Sheet
  CST	Central Sales Tax , Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus , Central Standard Time
  CTBT	Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
  CTC	Cost To Company
  CTS	Cheque Truncation System & Clear to Send
  CV	Curriculum Vitae
  CVA	Cerebral Vascular Accident or Cerebrovascular Accident
  COMPUTER	No, but can be termed as Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research

  D Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  DC	Data Compression & Direct Current
  DDT	DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane
  DEAF	Depositor Education and Awareness Fund
  DHL	Dalsey Hillblom Lynn
  DIG	Deputy Inspector General
  DJ	Disc Jockey
  DJD	Degenerative Joint Disease
  DHT	Dihydrotestosterone
  DLF	Delhi Land and Finance
  DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  DNS	Domain Name System
  DRDO	Defence Research and Development Organization
  DSL	Digital Subscriber Line
  DSLR	Digital single-lens reflex
  DSP	Deputy Superintendent of Police
  DST	Department of Science & Technology
  DTP	Desk-Top Publishing, Distributed Transaction Processing
  DVC	Damodar Valley Corporation
  DVD	Digital Video Disc, Digital Versatile Disc
  DVT	Deep Vein Thrombosis
  DP	Display Picture & Data Processing
  DS Group	Dharampal Satyapal Group

  E Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  EBRT	External Beam Radiation Therapy
  EBV	Epstein - Barr virus
  ECC	Excise Control Code
  ECE	Electronic and Communication Engineering
  ECG	Electrocardiogram
  ECS	Electronic Clearing Service
  ECT	Electroconvulsive Therapy
  EDGE	Enhanced Data Rates for GSM (Global System for Mobile) Evolution
  EDI	Electronic Data Interchange
  EDP	Electronic Data Processing
  EJB	Enterprise Java Bean
  EMG	Electromyogram
  EMI	Equated Monthly Installment
  ENT	Ear Nose Throat
  EOD	End of the Day
  EPC	Engineering, Procurement and Construction
  ERNET	Education and Research Network
  EPFO	Employee Provident Fund Organization
  ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
  ESI	Employees' State Insurance
  ETA	Estimated Time of Arrival
  ETC	Et cetera
  EWS	Economically Weaker Section

  F Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  FAX	Facsimile
  FBI	Federal Bureau of Investigation
  FCCB	Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
  FCI	Food Corporation of India
  FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
  FEMA	Foreign Exchange Management Act
  FHR	Fetal Heart Rate
  FIFA	Federation Internationale de Football Association
  FIR	First Information Report
  FMCG	Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
  FM	Frequency Modulation
  FOB	Free on Board
  F.O.R	Freight on Road
  FORTRAN	FORmula TRANslation
  FSSAI	Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
  FTP	File Transfer Protocol
  FYI	For Your Information

  G Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  GAIL	Gas Authority of India Limited
  GATE	Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
  GBP	Great Britain Pound
  GCC	GNU Compiler Collection
  GDP	Gross Domestic Product
  GFR	Glomerular Filtration Rate
  GIF	Graphics Interchange Format
  GMO	Genetically Modified Organism
  GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
  GNU	GNU's Not UNIX
  GPA	Grade Point Average
  GPRS	General Packet Radio Service
  GPS	Global Positioning System
  GRE	Graduate Record Examination
  GSLV	Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
  GSM	Global System for Mobile communication
  GST	Goods and Service Tax
  GTT	Glucose Tolerance Test
  GUI	Graphical USer Interface
  GOOGLE	Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth

  H Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  HCL	Hindustan Computers Limited
  HDI	Human Development Index
  HDFC	Housing Development Finance Corporation
  HDMI	High Definition Multimedia Interface
  HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  HP	Hewlett-Packard
  HR	Human Resources
  HSBC	Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
  HSC	Higher Secondary Certificate & Higher Secondary School Certificate
  HSN	Harmonized System of Nomenclature
  HTC	High Tech Computer
  HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
  HTTP	Hyper Text Transfer protocol
  HUDCO	Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited
  HVAC	Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
  HVDC	High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

  I Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  IAS	Indian Administrative Service
  IATA	International Air Transport Association
  IB	Intelligence Bureau
  IBM	International Business Machines
  IBPS	Institute of Banking Personnel Selection
  IC	Integrated Circuit
  ICAR	Indian Council of Agricultural Research
  ICICI	Credit and Investment Corporation of India
  ICMR	Indian Council of Medical Research
  ICSE	Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
  ICT	Information and Communications Technology
  ICU	Intensive Care Unit
  ICWA	Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India, Indian Child Welfare Act
  IDBI	Industrial Development Bank of India
  IDE	Integrated Development Environment & Integrated Drive Electronics
  IEEE	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  IELTS	International English Language Testing System
  IFFCO	Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited
  IFSC	Indian Financial System Code
  IGST	Integrated Goods and Services Tax
  IIFL	India Infoline Finance Limited
  IPI	International Press Institute
  IKR	I know, Right?
  IL&FS	Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services
  IMA	Indian Military Academy & Indian Medical Association
  IMEI	International Mobile Equipment Identity
  INR	Indian Rupee
  INTERNET	Interconnected Network
  IOC	International Olympic Committee
  IPCC	Integrated Professional Competence Course
  IP	Internet Protocol
  IPL	Indian Premier League
  IPO	Initial Public Offering
  IPS	Indian Police Service, In-Plane Switching, Intrusion Prevention System
  IQ	Intelligence Quotient
  IRCTC	Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation
  IRDA	Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority & Infrared DATA Association
  IRDP	Integrated Rural Development Programme
  IRS	Indian Revenue Service
  ISC	Indian School Certificate
  ISD	International Subscriber Dialing
  ISI	Indian Standards Institute
  ISKCON	International Society for Krishna Consciousness
  ISO	International Organization for Standardization
  ISRO	Indian Space Research Organization
  ITC	Indian Tobacco Company, International Trade Center, Independent Telephone Company
  ITES	Information Technology Enabled Services
  IT	Information Technology & Income Tax
  ITP	Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
  ITI	Industrial Training Institute
  IIT	Indian Institute of Technology
  IVF	IN Vitro Fertilization
  INDIA	No, but can be termed as Independent National Democratic Intelligent Area

  J Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  JAIIB	Junior Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers
  JBL	James Bullough Lansing
  JCB	Joseph Cyril Bamford
  JCV	John Cunningham Virus
  JK Tyre	Juggilal Kamlapat Ji Tyres
  JPG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
  JSF	JavaServer Faces
  JVD	Jugular Vein Distension
  JSON	JavaScript Object Notation

  K Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  Kbps	Kilobits per second
  KEI	Krishna Electricals Industries Limited
  KFC	Kentucky Fried Chicken
  KPMG	KLYNVELD PEAT MARWICK GOERDELER
  KPO	Knowledge Process Outsourcing
  KRA	Key Result Area/ Key Responsibility Area
  KRPL	Khushi Ram Behari Lal Limited
  KYC	Know Your Customer

  L Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  LASER	Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
  LBS	Pound-Mass or Pound & Location Based Service
  LCD	Liquid Cristal Display
  LDL	Low Density Lipoprotein
  LED	Light Emitting Diode
  LFT	Liver Function Tests
  LG	Lieutenant Governor, Lucky Goldstar
  LIC	Life Insurance Corporation of India
  LKG	Lower Kindergarten
  LLB	Legum Baccalaureus in Latin, Bachelor of Laws
  LLM	Legum Magister
  LMAO	Laughing My A** Off
  LMFAO	Laughing My Fucking Ass Off
  LOL	Laughing Out Loud
  LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  L&T	Larsen and Toubro
  LTE	Long Term Evolution
  LOVE	No, but can be Life's Only Valuable Emotion, Long Lasting Original Valuable Emotion

  M Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  MBA	Master of Business Administration
  MBBS	Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae in Latin)
  MBPS	Megabits per Second
  MCA	Master of Computer Application
  MCB	Miniature Circuit Breaker
  MC	Menstrual Cycle
  MD	Doctor of Medicine
  MICR	Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
  MIS	Management Information System
  MLA	Member of Legislative Assembly
  MMR	Measles Mumps and Rubella
  MMS	Multimedia Messaging Service
  MoES	Ministry of Earth Sciences
  MOU	Memorandum of Understanding
  MPEG	Moving Picture Experts Group
  MRF	Madras Rubber Factory
  MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  MS	Master of Science , Master of Surgery , MicroSoft
  MSC	Mobile Switching Center & Master of Science
  MSME	Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
  MTNL	Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
  MTS	Microsoft Transaction Server

  N Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  NABARD	National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
  NAAC	National Assessment and Accreditation Council
  NAC	Network Access Control
  NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  NASDAQ	National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
  NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  NCC	National Cadet Corps
  NCERT	National Council of Educational Research and Training
  NCR	National Capital Region
  NDA	National Defence Academy, National Democratic Alliance
  NDTV	New Delhi Television
  NEET	National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test
  NEFT	National Electronic Funds Transfer
  NET	National Eligibility Test
  NGO	Non-Governmental Organization
  NIFTY	National Stack Exchange Fifty
  NIIT	National Institute of Information Technology
  NOC	No Objection Certificate
  NPA	Non Performing Assets
  NPCI	National Payments Corporation of India
  NRI	Non-Resident Indian
  NSDL	National Securities Depository Limited
  NSE	National Stock Exchange
  NSUI	National Students' Union of India
  NTPC	National Thermal Power Corporation
  NTG	Nitroglycerin

  O Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  OCD	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  OEM	Original Equipment Manufacturer
  OMR	Optical Mark Recognition
  ONGC	Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
  OPD	Outpatient Department
  OSA	Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  OK	Olla Kalla or Oll Korrect

  P Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  PAN	Permanent Account Number
  PBX	Private Branch Exchange
  PCO	Public Call Office
  PCS	Provincial Civil Service
  PDA	Personal Digital Assistant
  PDF	Portable Document Format
  PFA	Please Find Attachment, Predictive Failure Analysis
  PFMS	Public Financial Management System
  PGDCA	Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Application
  PGDM	Post Graduate Diploma in Management
  PHD	Doctor of Philosophy
  PH	Potential of Hydrogen
  PHP	Hypertext Preprocessor (earlier called, Personal Home Page)
  PID	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  PING	Packet InterNet Groper
  PKD	Polycystic Kidney Disease
  PMS	Premenstrual Syndrome
  PNB	Punjab National Bank
  PNG	Portable Network Graphics
  PNR	Passenger Name Record
  PO	Probationary Officer & Post Office
  PS	Postscript
  PSI	Pound per Square Inch & Population Services International
  PSLV	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
  PSU	Public Sector Undertaking, Power Supply Unit
  PTO	Please Turn Over & Paid Time Off
  PTSD	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
  PUC	Pollution Under Control , Pre University Course , Personal Unlock Code
  PVC	Poly Vinyl Chloride
  PVR	Priya Village Roadshow
  PWD	Public Works Department

  R Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  RBC	Red Blood Cell
  RBL	Ratnakar Bank Limited
  RADAR	Radio Detection And Ranging
  RAM	Random Access Memory
  RNA	Ribonucleic Acid
  RAW	Research and Analysis Wing
  RDX	Research Department Explosive / Royal Demolition Explosive
  RHD	Rheumatic Heart Disease
  RIP	Rest In Peace, Routing Information Protocol
  ROFL	Rolling On Floor Laughing
  RO,UV,UF	Reverse Osmosis , Ultraviolet , Ultrafiltration
  RPM	Revolutions Per Minute
  RSS	Really Simple Syndication, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
  RSVP	Repondez s'il vous plait
  RTGS	Real-Time Gross Settlement
  RTI	Right to Information
  RTO	Regional Transport Office/ Road Transport Office

  S Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  SAARC	South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
  SAP	systems, applications and products
  SATA	Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
  SAT	Scholastic Aptitude Test, Scholastic Assessment Test
  SBI	State Bank of India
  SCUBA	Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
  SDM	Sub Divisional Magistrate
  SEBI	Securities and Exchange Board of India
  SENSEX	Stock Exchange Sensitive Index
  SEO	Search Engine Optimization
  SHO	Station House Officer
  SIDBI	Small Industries Development Bank of India
  SIM	Subscriber Identity Module
  SIP	Systematic Investment Plan
  SIT	Special Investigation Team
  SKU	Stock Keeping Unit
  SLA	Service Level Agreement
  SLR	Single Lens Reflex, Statutory Liquidity Ratio
  SME	Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
  SMH	Shake My Head
  SMPS	Switched-Mode Power Supply/ Switching Mode Power Supply
  SMS	Short Message Service
  SONAR	Sound Navigation and Ranging
  SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
  SOS	Save Our Souls
  SPSS	Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
  SQL	Structured Query Language
  SSB	Service Selection Board
  SSC	Secondary School Certificate, Staff Selection Commission
  SSLC	Secondary School Leaving Certificate
  STD	Subscriber Trunk Dialing, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  SUV	Sport Utility Vehicle
  SWAT	Special Weapons and Tactics

  T Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  TA & DA	Travelling Allowance & Dearness Allowance
  TAFE	Tractors and Farm Equipment
  TAN	Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number
  TBI	Traumatic Brain Injury
  TBH	To Be Honest
  TDR	Ticket Deposit Receipt , Term Deposit Receipt , Time Domain Reflectometer
  TDS	Tax Deducted at Source
  TFT	Thin Film Transistor
  TGT	Trained Graduate Teacher
  TIN	Taxpayer Identification Number
  TLC	Total Lung Capacity
  TOEFL	Test of English as a Foreign Language
  TOI	Times of India
  TPA	Third Party Administrator
  TRP	Television Rating Point
  TT	Tetanus Toxoid
  TTYL	Talk To You Later
  TVS	Thirukkurungudi Vengaram Sundram

  U Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  UCO Bank	United Commercial Bank
  UGC	University Grants Commission
  UIDAI	Unique Identification Authority of India
  UKSA	United Kingdom Space Agency
  UML	Unified Modeling Language
  UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
  UPA	United Progressive Alliance, United Production of America
  UPI	Unified Payment Interface
  UPSC	Union Public Service Commission
  UPS	Uninterruptible Power Supply
  URL	Uniform Resource Locator
  USB	Universal Serial Bus
  USP	Unique Selling Proposition
  USSR	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  UTI	Urinary Tract Infection

  V Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  VAT	Value Added Tax
  VGA	Video Graphics Array
  VHDL	VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Hardware Description Language
  VIRUS	Vital Information Resources Under Seize
  VISA	charta visa, lit in Latin
  VLC	VideoLAN Client
  VPI	Virtual Path Identifier

  W Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  WBC	White Blood Cell
  WEF	World Economic Forum, With Effect From
  WIFI	Wireless Fidelity
  WIPO	World Intellectual Property Organization
  WIPRO	Western India Products
  WPA	Wi-Fi Protected Access
  WWF	World Wide Fund for Nature, World Wrestling Federation
  WWW	World Wide Web

  X Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  XML	eXtensible Markup Language
  XMPP	Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

  Y Full Forms

  Acronym	Full Form
  YAHOO	Yet Another Hierarchy of Officious Oracle / Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle

  SHORTCUT KEYS:-

• Keys	Description
  Alt+F	File menu options in current program.
  Alt+E	Edit options in current program.
  Alt+Tab	Switch between open programs.
  F1	View help information (F1 is used by almost every Windows program to display help).
  F2	Rename a selected file.
  F5	Refresh the current program window.
  Ctrl+N	Create a new or blank document in some software, or open a new tab in most Internet browsers.
  Ctrl+O	Open a file in the current software.
  Ctrl+A	Select all text.
  Ctrl+B	Change selected text to be bold.
  Ctrl+I	Change selected text to be in italics.
  Ctrl+U	Change selected text to be underlined.
  Ctrl+F	Open find window for current document or window.
  Ctrl+S	Save current document file.
  Ctrl+X	Cut selected item.
  Shift+Del	Cut selected item.
  Ctrl+C	Copy selected item.
  Ctrl+Ins	Copy selected item
  Ctrl+V	Paste
  Shift+Ins	Paste
  Ctrl+Y	Redo last action.
  Ctrl+Z	Undo last action.
  Ctrl+K	Insert hyperlink for selected text.
  Ctrl+P	Print the current page or document.
  Home	Goes to beginning of current line.
  Ctrl+Home	Goes to beginning of document.
  End	Goes to end of current line.
  Ctrl+End	Goes to end of document.
  Shift+Home	Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
  Shift+End	Highlights from current position to end of line.
  Ctrl+Left arrow	Moves one word to the left at a time.
  Ctrl+Right arrow	Moves one word to the right at a time.
  Ctrl+Esc	Opens the Start menu.
  Ctrl+Shift+Esc	Opens Windows Task Manager.
  Alt+F4	Close the currently active program.
  Alt+Enter	Open the properties for the selected item (file, folder, shortcut, etc.).

  PC shortcut keys for special characters

  Many special characters can be created using keyboard shortcuts. Below are some of the more common and popular special characters and the keyboard shortcuts to create them.

  Shortcut Keys	Special Character
  Alt+0224	à
  Alt+0232	è
  Alt+0236	ì
  Alt+0242	ò
  Alt+0241	ñ
  Alt+0228	ä
  Alt+0246	ö
  Alt+0252	ü
  Alt+0248	ø
  Alt+0223	ß
  Alt+0198	Æ
  Alt+0231	ç
  Alt+0191	¿
  Alt+0176	°  (degree symbol)
  Alt+0177	±  (plus/minus symbol)
  Alt+0153	™
  Alt+0169	©
  Alt+0174	®
  Alt+0128	€  (Euro currency)
  Alt+0162	¢  (Cent symbol)
  Alt+0163	£  (British Pound currency)
  Alt+0165	¥  (Japanese Yen currency)

  NDP - Neighbor Data Protocol
• OSI - Open System Interconnection